Corpus Luteum Rupture

Ruptured corpus luteum is a common phenomenon with presentation ranging from no symptoms to symptoms mimicking an acute abdomen. Sequelae vary. Resolution may be spontaneous (most often); intraperitoneal hemorrhage and death may occur. Although most patients require only observation, some need laparoscopy or laparotomy to achieve hemostasis.
Pathophysiology
Each month, a mature ovarian follicle ruptures, releasing an ovum so the process of fertilization can begin. Occasionally, this rupture site may bleed, causing abdominal pain and signs of hemorrhage. The etiology of this increased bleeding is unknown, although abdominal trauma and anticoagulation treatments may increase the risk.
Frequency
United States
Occurrence is unknown but is likely quite frequent and without symptoms.
International
Occurrence is unknown but is likely quite frequent and without symptoms.
Mortality/Morbidity
Although circulatory collapse, hemorrhagic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and death have been reported, these are rare. Most cases are self-limiting, with abdominal pain relieved with analgesics.
Race
No differences in frequency are reported by race or socioeconomic standing.
Sex
Ruptured corpus luteum occurs only in females.
Age
The condition most commonly occurs in women aged 18-35 years (peak reproductive years).

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